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Elephant

Elephants are the largest surviving land animal on earth. The enormous mammals live in habitats varying from dense rain forests to grassy land, savannas, which spread over Africa and Asia. Their great size combined with thick, tough skins provides them protection from most predators. As they have only small number of enemies to be wary, they are usually nonviolent and calm. They indicate great fondness for each other, and females spend most of their lives as parts of a family herd.

Elephants can be found in Africa, on the Indian subcontinent and in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Most of those in Africa are now in game reserves. Elephants live in thorny scrub jungles, evergreen forests, swampy areas, grasslands and both dry and moist forests.

Based on their habitat, elephants are distinguished into three species; the African savanna, African forest elephant, and Asian elephant. African savanna elephant is the largest one among the three species, which may grows up to 7.500 kg in weight and stands 3 to 4 meters in height. While, the African forest elephant hardly ever reaches more than 2,4 meters in height. Most Asian elephant grows near 5.500 kg in weight and stands about 3 meters tall. The ears of African elephants are considerable larger than Asian elephants that they flap to cool off their body. All of three species have grayish to brown skin color with scarce of coarse body hair. Their skin is slack, wrinkled, and incredibly thick, especially on the shoulder it may be 1 inch or 4 cm thick.

Elephants feed on a wide variety of plant parts, such as leaves, twigs, fruit, flowers, and roots, from about eighty different plant species. They use their trunks for pulling clumps of grass out of ground and for plucking leaves and branches from trees and bushes. Ravenous savanna and forest elephants may use their full weight to topple a tree trunk, consuming all edible parts after the tree has fallen. Wild Asian elephants consume larger amount of grasses, counting rice, than their African cousins do. Southeast Asian rice farmers must defend their crops from elephant herds on the move.

The relationship between elephants and humans dates from the ancient times and it is mentioned in several mythologies and religions. In Hinduism, Ganesha, the god who brings good fortune, has the head of an elephant. Besides that, humans also have used them in war and as work animals for centuries. In Asia, people continue to use them for transportation and as beasts of burden. The trained one performs in circus all over the world.

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